The ICBM Launch Crews During the Cold War | Nuclear Weapons
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Combat crews had to be ready to launch nuclear missiles at any time.
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Nuclear Weapons in Space | Nuclear Weapons
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Space weapons are weapons used in space warfare. They include weapons that can attack space systems in orbit (i.e. anti-satellite weapons), attack targets on the earth from space or disable missiles travelling through space. In the course of the militarisation of space, such weapons were developed mainly by the contesting superpowers during the Cold War, and some remain under development today.
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The Mystery of the Loch Ness Monster | Secrets and Legends
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The truth behind the legend. Fact or Fiction? The legend of the Loch Ness monster dates back 1500 years. Since then, thousands of eye witnesses, countless photographs, sonar records and films have testified to the existence of a Loch Ness monster. Yet despite extensive exploration, observation and scientific analysis, still no real evidence has been discovered.
This documentary takes us through the story of the Loch Ness monster and starts us off charting the early history of the legend. From the first sighting by St Columba in 565AD, to the 'Spicer' sighting that kicked off the modern legend in 1933 and the world famous 'Surgeon's Photo' from 1934 that captured what appeared to be a head and neck emerging from Loch Ness. From the ‘Surgeon’s Photo’, the press, frenzied public and scientific observers soon concluded that the creature living in the loch was a long-extinct dinosaur called a plesiosaur. A preposterous suggestion it would seem. A fish thought to be extinct 80 million years ago but discovered in 1938, to much surprise, living off the coast of Madagascar.
So just how real is the Loch Ness monster? Is it all rumours, conspiracy and speculation? Where is the photographic evidence? Many questions that will be answered throughout this documentary..
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Natural Wonders of the World | Ancient World
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Every other Wednesday we present a new video, so join us to see the truth laid bare...
What are the world’s seven natural wonders? Which ones would you pick?
We’ve compiled a list of our top seven, from the suffocating heat of Death Valley, the awesome power of Niagara Falls and the Geysers of Yellowstone, to the mightiest river, and the greatest Canyon.
For many of us the natural world acts as a distant backdrop to our busy urban lives. We carve and cultivate vast areas of land to suit our own purposes and needs. But where nature remains untamed we are forced to confront ourselves, compelled to look and listen. These wildernesses, tropical jungles, and desert canyons, not only provide a window into the past, but they help remind us of our place on Earth.
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Modern Wonders of the World | Ancient World
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We live on a beautiful planet. Today our natural landscapes also boast manmade wonders, icons of engineering and architecture. So what are the world's modern wonders? We've compiled our top seven, from the tallest building on Earth, to the longest underwater tunnel, from aviation's greatest airliner, to engineering's greatest work of art. These are our modern wonders!
The great engineering achievements of the modern world are more than purely functional. The visionaries who dreamed up their imposing shapes used art and science to create structures of dramatic beauty. Our bridges, dams, and skyscrapers, dominate our landscapes, as the pyramids dominated those of ancient Egypt. They're testaments to the creative genius of humankind. In this film we tunnel under, climb up, jump off, and fly with, the greatest marvels the modern world has to offer.
Ancient Wonders of the World | Ancient World
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If you had to pick seven ancient wonders of the world, which ones would they be? We've compiled a list of our top 7, from the soaring heights of the Great Pyramid, to the statues of Easter Island, exotic Mayan temples, a Roman amphitheatre, and the Great Wall of China.
In this documentary we explore some of the most awesome ancient wonders, each rich in stories of mystery and intrigue. We take part in the summer solstice celebrations at Stonehenge, walk the Great Wall of China, and join archaeologists in Mexico as they hunt for treasure in the Mayan temples. By searching for clues hidden with these historic monuments we can begin to unlock their secrets and reveal the marvels of these ancient wonders of the world.
Great Pyramid of Giza:
The three pyramids of Giza have stood on a high plateau by the Nile for more than 4,500 years. These wonders were built by the ancient Egyptian King Khufu, his son, and his grandson. Khufu's Great Pyramid is the largest and most impressive of them all
Tower of London:
The oldest palace and fortress in Europe. Behind this facade of respectability lie dark blood-curdling tales of terror, sinister acts born of ruthless ambition. For over 900 years these monumental walls have overshadowed the city of London. Even today the Tower of London is one of the capital's most prominent landmarks.
The Colosseum:
A marvel of Roman engineering and the greatest amphitheatre ever built. This huge stadium was designed so that as many Romans as possible could watch the most cruel and violent games the world has ever seen. Thousands died here in the name of popular entertainment.
Stonehenge:
Deep in the heart of the English countryside lies what is possibly the oldest structure on Earth. This is Stonehenge. It was built by prehistoric man and yet amazingly this extraordinary monument is aligned with the cosmos. The arrangement of the stones can predict exactly when the sun and the moon eclipse, and on the longest day of the year, they line up precisely with the midsummer sunrise.
Great Wall of China:
Built across mountain ranges up to 8,000 feet high, the Great Wall of China is a feet of engineering unparalleled in the world. It extends over 4,500 miles from North Korea to the wastes of the Gobi Desert, the same distance as from Miami to the North Pole. The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure on the planet.
Easter Island Moai:
This is one of the most isolated places on Earth, yet every year 20,000 tourists make the journey here to see some of the strangest wonders of the world. Easter Island is over 2,000 miles from the nearest habitation in Chile, it's a place with a tragic history, where the events of the past almost destroyed an entire population. 887 gigantic statues dot the island.
Lost City of Palenque:
In the 18th century the Spanish priest was sent by his bishop to explore the dense jungle of Central America. Searching for new land to cultivate he stumbled upon some hauntingly beautiful ruins rising spectacularly out of the forest. This was the Lost City of Palenque.
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Life of the USS Nimitz class Aircraft Carrier | Warships
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Delve into the life inside a massive USS Nimitz Class Aircraft Carrier at sea with this incredible documentary. From the engine room to the flight deck, explore what it’s like to live and work within these colossal ships as they cruise around the world. Get an insightful look into how thousands of sailors from all over the country maintain such a large vessel and its operation in order to fulfill various international missions. Learn about the cutting-edge technologies used on board and hear stories from members who have served in the Navy for years. Witness the challenges of life at sea and how sailors manage to stay connected with family and friends through long deployments.
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Aircraft Carrier in the Pacific War | Warships
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The film (originally titled "Fighting Lady") is a 1944 documentary film produced by the United States Navy and narrated by Lieutenant Robert Taylor USNR. The film chronicles the exploits of the Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10) (unknown in the film) during World War II in her first major operations after her commissioning in 1943. Due to wartime restrictions, the carrier's name was disguised as "Battle Lady". ("Fighting Lady" was a famous nickname for Yorktown, just as "Lady Lex" was for Lexington, "Big E" for Enterprise, etc.)
The life of the crew is documented from July 1943 to June 1944, from the passage through the Panama Canal, attacks on Marcus, Kwajalein, Truk and Tinian Islands and ending with the famous "Marianas Turkey Shoot", the air portion of the battle. in the Philippine Sea, when American pilots shot down almost four hundred Japanese Zeros, while suffering only twenty-two losses.
The film included color footage shot with “pistol cameras” mounted directly on aircraft guns during the battle. This gives the film a very realistic feel, with the chronological progression of the ship and crew reflecting the experiences of the sailors and pilots as they progressed from recruits to the rigors of military life. It contains rare footage of A-24 Dauntlesses, TBF Avengers, Hellcats and other aircraft in action. The maps illustrate the movements of the Pacific Fleet and its interaction with the Japanese.
The film emphasizes the adage that war is 99% boring. We see footage of everyday life on board the ship, from the sailors stuck on command duty to the crews in charge of arming and fueling the planes and the pilots who flew them.
The Fighting Lady won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1945.
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Legends of Carrier Aviation | Warships (Eng)
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A tribute to all the brave aviators, this is the perfect documentary for aviation buffs. It dives into their incredible stories of courage and valor in the skies. From nail-biting dogfights to breathtaking aerobatics, these men really pushed the boundaries of flight. The documentary follows several legendary pilots as they retell their experiences in their own words. Prepare to be amazed as you listen to the tales of daring and danger that these aviators faced in their missions. Compiled by experts, this documentary is a must-watch for anyone interested in flight and carrier aviation.
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Life Inside World’s Largest US Navy Aircraft Carrier | Warships
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Take a voyage into the inner workings of one of the world’s largest aircraft carriers, with this full-length documentary. Explore life onboard as we pull back the curtains on this massive military machine. Dive into the day to day routines and struggles faced by those who call this moving metropolis home. Witness first-hand the cutting-edge technology that keeps this ship afloat and running at peak performance. Then, take an up-close look into the workings of a naval ship at sea and the bustling city that exists within its hull. Get ready for a journey like no other! Join us for this incredible exploration of life within a floating city.
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Aircraft Carrier USS Harry S. Truman | Warships
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The USS Harry S. Truman is the beating heart of the Carrier Strike 8 fleet, a 333 meter long aircraft carrier carefully guarded by several destroyers and the frigate Hessen from the Bundeswehr. Over a period of four weeks, this naval force maneuvers in uncharted waters in order to test and fine-tune their tactical capabilities. Our documentary takes you deep inside the Truman, to explore how its powerful weaponry and crew work in tandem to ensure they are ready for action. Follow our brave heroes as they go through their paces, learning how to stay on top of the latest tactics and strategies while keeping a cool head under pressure.
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When the World's Largest Aircraft Carrier goes to WAR | Warships
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Step aboard and experience the intensity of life on a US Navy aircraft carrier, a floating city in the middle of the ocean. This documentary takes you behind the scenes, revealing daily routines and preparation for possible combat situations.
Our journey begins with daily life on board: challenging conditions, constant threats and amazing opportunities that keep morale high. Discover the camaraderie and shift system that keeps the ship running 24/7.
We then dive into preparations for war. We reveal the advanced technology, the latest radar and weapon systems, and the enormous strength of the maintenance personnel manning these ships. Follow the mad rush as the alarm sounds, forcing sailors to return to their battle stations and prepare for the worst.
Witness a flurry of activity on the flight deck as pilots prepare for launch, the engineering team ensures systems are ready for combat, and the medical team stands ready to treat potential casualties. Tensions rise as the carrier moves from a neutral state to a state of heightened alertness and readiness for combat.
Our journey does not end here. Experience complex and coordinated operations in combat situations on a US Navy aircraft carrier, from air defense and anti-submarine warfare to offensive operations against enemy targets.
Finally, learn about post-combat procedures when the crew transitions from a high alert state back to a normal operating state. The ship may return to normal operations, but readiness remains a top priority.
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Ep6 Retreat and Surrender | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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The dramatic story of the D-Day landings and of the liberation of Paris. In the east the Soviets liberate Auschwitz and fight their way to the heart of Berlin. Germany finally surrenders, but Japan fights on until the atom bombs are dropped.
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Ancient Egypt | Empire Builders | History of Ancient Egypt
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An exploration of 3,000 years of ancient Egyptian history through the amazing stories of ten of its most famous and spectacular buildings.
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Ep5 Allies Strike Back | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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This episode looks at the turning of the war against Germany, with Allied victory at El Alamein and Russian triumph at Stalingrad. Inside Hitler's Germany the SS gain more power, and in southern Europe the Allies fight their way though Italy
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Ep4 American Allies | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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The story of the sudden Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the early days of the war in the Pacific. Back in Europe, this episode looks at the bombing offensive against Germany and at the appalling crime of the Holocaust.
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Ep3 Origins of the Holocaust | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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The story of Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, of Rommel's war against the British in North Africa and of the horrors of the murder of Russian Jews - sometimes known as the Holocaust by Bullets.
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Ep2 Collapse of France | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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The story of Hitler's lightning invasion of France and its rapid collapse, of the evacuation from Dunkirk, and of the summer of 1940 when Britain fought on alone. In new digital colour, this episode shows the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.
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Ep1 Hitler's Rise to Power | Apocalypse: The Second World War | World War Two
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This first episode covers Hitler's invasion of Poland, when the world stood on the brink of war, and features stunning colourised footage of the catastrophe faced by the Polish army as it was crushed by the Nazi war machine.
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Destination Okinawa | Battlefield S6/E4 | World War Two
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The Battle of Okinawa (Japanese: 沖縄戦, Hepburn: Okinawa-sen), codenamed Operation Iceberg: 17 was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Army and United States Marine Corps forces against the Imperial Japanese Army. The initial invasion of Okinawa on 1 April 1945 was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater of World War II. The Kerama Islands surrounding Okinawa were preemptively captured on 26 March by the 77th Infantry Division. The 82-day battle lasted from 1 April until 22 June 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were planning to use Kadena Air Base on the large island of Okinawa as a base for Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands, 340 mi (550 km) away.
The United States created the Tenth Army, a cross-branch force consisting of the U.S. Army 7th, 27th, 77th and 96th Infantry Divisions with the 1st, 2nd, and 6th Marine Divisions, to fight on the island. The Tenth Army was unique in that it had its own Tactical Air Force (joint Army-Marine command) and was supported by combined naval and amphibious forces. Opposing the Allied forces on the ground was the Japanese Thirty-Second Army.
The battle has been referred to as the "typhoon of steel" in English, known in Japanese as "tetsu no bōfū". The nicknames refer to the ferocity of the fighting, the intensity of Japanese kamikaze attacks and the sheer numbers of Allied ships and armored vehicles that assaulted the island. The battle was the bloodiest in the Pacific, with around 50,000 Allied and 84,166–117,000 Japanese casualties, including Okinawans conscripted into the Japanese Army. According to local authorities, at least 149,425 Okinawan people were killed, died by coerced suicide or went missing.
In the naval operations surrounding the battle, both sides lost considerable numbers of ships and aircraft, including the Japanese battleship Yamato. After the battle, Okinawa provided a fleet anchorage, troop staging areas, and airfields in proximity to Japan for US forces in preparation for a planned invasion of the Japanese home islands.
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Campaign in the Balkans | Battlefield S6/E5 | World War Two
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The Balkans campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940. In the early months of 1941, Italy's offensive had stalled and a Greek counter-offensive pushed into Albania. Germany sought to aid Italy by deploying troops to Romania and Bulgaria and attacking Greece from the east. Meanwhile, the British landed troops and aircraft to shore up Greek defences. A coup d'état in Yugoslavia on 27 March caused Adolf Hitler to order the conquest of that country.
The invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany and Italy began on 6 April 1941, simultaneously with the new Battle of Greece; on 11 April, Hungary joined the invasion. By 17 April the Yugoslavs had signed an armistice, and by 30 April all of mainland Greece was under German or Italian control. On 20 May Germany invaded Crete by air, and by 1 June all remaining Greek and British forces on the island had surrendered. Although it had not participated in the attacks in April, Bulgaria occupied parts of both Yugoslavia and Greece shortly thereafter for the remainder of the war in the Balkans.
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The Battle for the Mediterranean | Battlefield S6/E6 | World War Two
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The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945.
For the most part, the campaign was fought between the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina), supported by other Axis naval and air forces, those of Nazi Germany and Vichy France, and the British Royal Navy, supported by other Allied naval forces, such as those of Australia, the Netherlands, Poland, and Greece.
American naval and air units joined the Allied side on 8 November 1942. The Vichy French scuttled the bulk of their fleet on 27 November 1942, to prevent the Germans seizing it. As part of the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, most of the Italian Navy became the Italian Co-belligerent Navy, and fought alongside the Allies.
Each side had three overall objectives in this battle. The first was to attack the supply lines of the other side. The second was to keep open the supply lines to their own armies in North Africa. The third was to destroy the ability of the opposing navy to wage war at sea. Outside of the Pacific theatre, the Mediterranean saw the largest conventional naval warfare actions during the conflict. In particular, Allied forces struggled to supply and retain the key naval and air base of Malta.
By the time of the Armistice of Cassibile, Italian ships, submarines and aircraft had sunk Allied surface warships totalling 145,800 tons, while German forces had sunk 169,700 tons, for a total of 315,500 tons. In total the Allies lost 76 warships and 46 submarines. The Allies sank 83 Italian warships totalling 195,100 tons (161,200 by the British Empire and 33,900 by the Americans) and 83 submarines. German losses in the Mediterranean from the start of the campaign to the end were 17 warships and 68 submarines.
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The War Against the U-Boats | Battlefield S6/E3 | World War Two
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The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.
The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the German Kriegsmarine (Navy) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe (Air Force) against the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, United States Navy, and Allied merchant shipping. Convoys, coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States beginning September 13, 1941.[15] The Germans were joined by submarines of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after Germany's Axis ally Italy entered the war on June 10, 1940.
As an island country, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic involved a tonnage war; the Allied struggle to supply Britain, and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. Rationing in the United Kingdom was also used with the aim of reducing demand, by reducing wastage and increasing domestic production and equality of distribution. From 1942 onward, the Axis also sought to prevent the build-up of Allied supplies and equipment in the UK in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a prerequisite for pushing back the Axis in Western Europe. The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for the Allies—the German tonnage war failed—but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Bismarck, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. This front ended up being highly significant for the German war effort: Germany spent more money on producing naval vessels than it did every type of ground vehicle combined, including tanks.
The Battle of the Atlantic has been called the "longest, largest, and most complex" naval battle in history. The campaign started immediately after the European war began, during the so-called "Phoney War", and lasted more than five years, until the German surrender in May 1945. It involved thousands of ships in a theatre covering millions of square miles of ocean. The situation changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as participating countries surrendered, joined and even changed sides in the war, and as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures and equipment were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, overcoming German surface-raiders by the end of 1942 and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses due to U-boats continued until the war's end. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill later wrote "The only thing that really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril. I was even more anxious about this battle than I had been about the glorious air fight called the 'Battle of Britain'."
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The Battle for the Crimea | Battlefield S6/E1 | World War Two
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The Crimea campaign was an eight-month-long campaign by Axis forces to conquer the Crimean Peninsula, and was the scene of some of the bloodiest battles on the Eastern Front during World War II.[citation needed] The German, Romanian, and defending Soviet troops suffered heavy casualties as the Axis forces tried to advance through the Isthmus of Perekop linking the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland at Perekop, from summer of 1941 through to the first half of 1942.
From 26 September 1941 the German 11th Army and troops from the Romanian Third Army and Fourth Army were involved in the fighting, opposed by the Red Army's 51st Army and elements of the Black Sea Fleet. After the campaign, the peninsula was occupied by Army Group A with the 17th Army as its major subordinate formation.
Once the Axis (German and Romanian troops) broke through, they occupied most of Crimea, with the exception of the city of Sevastopol, which was given the title of Hero City for its resistance, and Kerch, which was recaptured by the Soviets during an amphibious operation near the end of 1941 and then taken once again by the Germans during Operation Bustard Hunt on 8 May. The Siege of Sevastopol lasted 250 days from 30 October 1941 until 4 July 1942, when the Axis finally captured the city.
In the early hours of 6 November, the Romanian submarine Delfinul, commanded by Constantin Costăchescu, torpedoed and sank the Soviet 1,975-ton cargo ship Uralets four miles South of Yalta. The submarine was subsequently attacked by Soviet forces but she followed a route along the Turkish coast and managed to evade up to 80 depth charges, before safely arriving in the port of Constanța on 7 November.
Sevastopol, the main object of the campaign, was surrounded by German forces and assaulted on 30 October 1941. German troops were repulsed by a Soviet counterattack. Later, many troops who had been evacuated from Odessa contributed to the defence of Sevastopol. The Germans then began an encirclement of the city. Other attacks on 11 November and 30 November, in the eastern and southern sections of the city, failed. German forces were then reinforced by several artillery regiments, one of which included the railway gun Schwerer Gustav.[citation needed] Another attack on 17 December was repulsed at the last moment with the help of reinforcements and Soviet troops landed on the Kerch peninsula the day after Christmas, to relieve Sevastopol. The Soviet forces remained on the peninsula until a 9 April German counterattack. They held on for another month before being eliminated on 18 May. With the distraction removed, German forces renewed their assault on Sevastopol, penetrating the inner defensive lines on 29 June. Soviet commanders had been flown out or evacuated by submarine towards the end of the siege and the city surrendered on 4 July 1942, although some Soviet troops held out in caves outside of the city until 9 July.
In 1944, Crimea was recaptured by troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front during the Crimean Offensive (8 April 1944 – 12 May 1944) and its three sub-operations:
Kerch–Eltigen Operation (31 October 1943 – 11 December 1943)
Perekop–Sevastopol Offensive Operation (8 April 1944 – 12 May 1944)
Kerch–Sevastopol Offensive Operation (11 April 1944 – 12 May 1944)
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Scandinavia - The Forgotten Front | Battlefield S6/E2 | World War Two
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This episode take a closer look at the Russian aggression against Finland, and the German occupation of Norway.
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