HIV Awareness and Screening

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HIV Awareness and Screening
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes PhD, LPC-MHSP
AllCEUs Counselor Education
Objectives
~ Review current knowledge reference HIV awareness and screening

HIV Awareness
~ An estimated 1.1 million people in the United States have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and approximately 1 in 7 (nearly 15%) are unaware of their status
~ Studies show that a people with HIV have a similar life expectancy to HIV- people provided they are diagnosed early, have good medical care, and adhere to their HIV treatment
~ From 2014 to 2018, HIV diagnoses decreased 7% among adults and adolescents
~ HIV can be transmitted by sexual contact, sharing needles, mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding
~ According to the CDC, there is a very low risk of contracting HIV from oral sex
Stages of HIV Infection
~ Seroconversion is the brief illness people may experience soon after they contract HIV. During this time they are most infectious
~ The asymptomatic stage of HIV occurs once seroconversion is over and can last for several years.
~ Symptomatic HIV occurs when the immune system succumbs to opportunistic infections and cancers
~ Late stage HIV occurs when the disease has caused a lot of damage to the immune system
HIV & Opportunistic Infections & Cancer
~ Main risk factors for most cancers

HIV & Opportunistic Infections & Cancer
~ Main protective factors for most infections
~ Handwashing
~ Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth
~ Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze or cough
~ Social distancing from strangers and people who are sick
~ Wearing a mask
~ Vaccinations (HPV, Flu, COVID, Shingles)
~ Early intervention and treatment
~ Regularly wipe down frequently touched objects
HIV Awareness
~ By achieving and maintaining an undetectable (less than 200 copies/mL) viral load, people with HIV can remain healthy for many years.
~ ART is now recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of CD4 count
~ Evidence from the PARTNER1 and PARTNER2 study indicate that the likelihood of passing on HIV is linked to the amount of the virus in the blood.
~ PEP or post exposure prophylaxis (for 28 days) can be started up to 72 hours after exposure to HIV

Types of Tests
~ Nucleic Acids Test identifies the virus in the blood (10-33 days post exposure)
~ Antigen/antibody test looks for evidence of exposure(antibodies) and antigens (p24) which are produced before antibodies are developed (18-45 days post exposure)
~ Antibody test look for antibodies in blood or saliva (23-90 days after an exposure)
~ The oral fluid antibody self-test provides results within 20 min.
~ With a rapid antibody screening test, usually done with blood from a finger prick or with oral fluid, results are ready in 30 min.
Results
~ Negative results do not necessarily mean you do not have HIV because of the window and false negatives especially from user error in home tests
~ Negative results only mean you are negative and are not reflective of your partner’s status even if you have engaged in high-risk behaviors with that person.
~ Positive results need to be confirmed by a second test, even if the first test was done at the doctor’s office.

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