How made is vaccine

Antigen: The heart of any vaccine lies in its antigen. This active component triggers the immune response. It can be:
A small part of the disease-causing organism (like a protein or sugar).
The entire organism in a weakened or inactive form.
Ingredients in Vaccines:
Preservatives: These prevent contamination once the vaccine vial is opened. Commonly used preservative: 2-phenoxyethanol.
Stabilizers: They prevent chemical reactions and keep vaccine components from sticking to the vial. Examples: sugars, amino acids, gelatin.
Surfactants: Keep all ingredients blended, preventing settling or clumping.
Residuals: Tiny traces of substances used during manufacturing (e.g., egg proteins, yeast, antibiotics). Present in minuscule quantities.
Diluent: Liquid used to adjust vaccine concentration before use (often sterile water).
Adjuvant: Some vaccines contain adjuvants, which enhance the immune response.
Manufacturing Process:
Scientists generate the antigen (the disease-causing agent or its blueprint).
They weaken the virus or bacteria to allow immune response without causing symptoms.
Components mimic those found in the natural virus or bacteria.