engineerguy Bill Hammack Archive Channel

061023 An early color photograph that uses a interference. It was invented by Gabriel Lippmann in the late 19th century.

120523 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. The evolution of the magnetron — a device for generating microwave radiation — from World War II radar systems to the household microwave ovens illustrates how engineers think about “best.” *Learn More: Companion Book* Explore the ideas in this video series further with its companion book: _The Things We Make: The Unknown History of Invention from Cathedrals to Soda Cans_ (ISBN 978-1728215754) https://www.amazon.com/Things-We-Make-Invention-Cathedrals/dp/1728215757 *Other videos in this series* _Episode 1:_ Building a Cathedral without Science or Mathematics: The Engineering Method Explained https://youtu.be/_ivqWN4L3zU _Episode 2:_ Controlling Turbulence and Evolution: How Engineers Overcome Uncertainty forthcoming https://youtu.be/9RAMqFg7laE _Episode 3:_ The Steam Turbine: The Surprising Relationship of Engineering & Science forthcoming https://youtu.be/-8lXXg8dWHk 0:00 Titles 0:07 Engineering Notion of “Best” The video opens by contrasting an absolute notion of “best” — the Renaissance ideal of da Vinici’s Vitruvian man — with an engineering relative notion as illustrated by the work of industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss, who developed drawings of ordinary people with their far-from-ideal proportions. Dreyfuss’s approach demonstrates that an engineering solution can only be judged based on how it handles the constraints unique to its situation — a balance of cultural forces, societal values, availability of material resources, and even urgency. This means that the notion of best changes with time. 1:04 Cavity Magnetron The cavity magnetron, which powers mobile radar, was created by British scientists in early 1940 in response to fears that Nazi planes would bomb London. This device generates microwave radiation of sufficient power and of the right frequency to detect individual planes. 2:09 First Notion of “Best” The standard of “best” used by the physicist-engineers who developed this magnetron was simply that it worked — prior to this nothing had sufficient power. The device worked in the laboratory, but now it needed to be mass manufactured to equip thousands of British, American and other allies planes and ships with radar. 2:42 Second Notion of Best To mass manufacture the magnetron the British turned to Raytheon and their vacuum tube engineer Percy spencer. For engineer spencer, the notion of best changed: now the issue was one of prioritizing speed of production while maintaining reliability. 3:00 Tolerance Central Problem The slightest deviation in the cavity’s diameter along the length of the cylinder would change the frequency of the radiation and blur the results from the radar. The tolerance was exacting: The diameter of these cylindrical cavities must deviate by at most one ten-thousandth of an inch (about 2.54 microns). 3:36 spencer Magnetron Compared to Prototype A World War II magnetron, likely used in the Pacific Theater, is compared to the laboratory prototype. 4:16 Laminations Bill explains how engineer spencer used a time-honored engineering rule of thumb — break complex problems into smaller, more manageable pieces — by creating thin layers, called laminations, which, when assembled, construct a complete magnetron. 5:44 New Notion of Best for Microwave Oven To reversion the magnetron for an oven the idea of best had to change. At first the goal was to replace the conventional oven and to cook fast. 6:06 1946 Microwave Oven The first microwave oven, which appeared in 1946, was aimed at restaurants, which is a commercial, not a consumer, use. 6:57 New Notion of Best for Consumer Oven To become a household item — a consumer oven — needed a new notion of best as seen in the ads of the first successful consumer oven. They now aimed for a standard 115 volt outlet and an oven that fit onto a kitchen counter and into a household budget. 7:27 Evolution of Oven Magnetron A detailed discussion of the changes from the World War II magnetron to those used in the consumer oven. 9:48 Mythical Story of Microwave Oven Invention Bill mentions a likely apocryphal story, from a popular magazine, of the oven’s invention after a candy bar melted in spencer’s pocket. 10:14 Problems with Mythical Story Bill explains how simple stories like a melting candy bar obscure the engineering method and strips away all the richness of how engineers create. 10:47 Review of Video Series Bill review the engineering creativity discussed in the previous videos in this series. 11:10 Why Understand the Engineering Method Hiding that creativity dissuades our best and brightest from recognizing engineering as a supremely creative endeavor, which robs us of the next generation of mental firepower, the new wave of engineers, who can help solve the problems our world faces. 11:27 Contact info Bill can be reached at bill@engineerguy.com or at 217-689-1461 text/voice (use WhatsApp if outside US) 11:31 End Titles https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

110523 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Charles Parsons designed a superior steam engine called a turbine, but was ignored until he crashed a celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. His turbine still generates most electricity. *Other videos in this series* _Episode 1:_ Building a Cathedral without Science or Mathematics: The Engineering Method Explained https://youtu.be/_ivqWN4L3zU _Episode 2:_ Controlling Turbulence and Evolution: How Engineers Overcome Uncertainty forthcoming https://youtu.be/9RAMqFg7laE _Episode 4:_ The Microwave Oven Magnetron: What an Engineer Means by “Best” https://youtu.be/p8IO9u9IuOs *Video Summary* 00:00 Titles 00:08 Intro To understand the relationship between engineering and science, Bill notes he will share in this video the story of how an engineer created a revolutionary engine by taming the extraordinary power of steam. 00:24 Power of Steam Bill explains that steam can power engines because it expands: one cup of liquid water will expand into 1,600 cups of steam. 00:46 Reciprocating Steam Engines Bill explains that this dramatic change of volume exerts a force that engineers tapped into in the early eighteenth century to drive reciprocating steam engines. He explains the operation of such an engine, focusing on the piston/cylinder where steam expands and the levers that translate the back and forth motion (reciprocating) of the piston to rotating motion. 2:07 Engine Wastes Steam Bill notes that while the reciprocating steam engine revolutionized the world, it wasted much of the steam’s energy. Once the steam has expanded to about sixteen times its original volume it lacks the “oomph,” the force, to overcome the friction of the heavy piston within the walls of the cylinder. And friction in the arms that convert reciprocating motion into circular motion chew up some of the steam’s energy. 2:30 Charles Parsons’s Novel Steam Engine But, in the late nineteenth century a novel steam engine appeared that used the energy from an expansion of an astonishing four hundred and seventy nine times a cup of water’s volume. That novel engine was perfected by Charles Parsons. While a huge leap forward, no one would buy his engine. 2:47 The Turbina & Queen Victoria In frustration Parsons built a ship called the _Turbinia_ to convince everyone of the superiority of his engine. To attract attention he crashed a naval display honoring Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee in 1897. 3:33 Advantages of Parsons’s Engine Parsons’s engine eliminated the need for the piston and cylinder and levers of the reciprocating engine. 3:45 Aeolipile Parsons fused two two ways of using steam to rotate a shaft. The first is the aeolipile, designed by Hero of Alexandria in about 130 BC. 4:47 Branca’s Steam Device In 1629 an Italian engineer, Giovanni Branca, designed a giant boiler shaped like a human head. From its mouth a jet of expanding steam struck a paddle wheel — much like a water wheel — which turned gearing. 5:45 Parsons’s Turbine Bill explains how Parsons succeeded by cleverly combining the action of the aeolipile and Branca’s device by placing thirty wheels along a shaft — half rotated with the shaft, half were affixed to the casing. 8:00 Infinite Complexity This design is simple in concept, but Parsons described the execution as of “almost infinite complexity” because of an astronomical number of dimensions and configurations of wheels and blades and every other design variable in his turbine. 09:19 Why Parsons Succeeded What separated Parsons from the thousands of inventors before him was, he said, the “data of the physicists.” Parsons drew on the data of a forgotten French scientist, Henri Victor Regnault, who spent nearly thirty years documenting the properties of steam. From the data tabulated by Regnault, Parsons could determine that _in principle_ a functioning turbine _could_ be built. 10:15 Science as Rules of Thumb For Parsons, scientific knowledge helped rule out what wouldn’t work, narrow the possibilities of what does, and shorten the path to a solution: scientific knowledge was being used as a rule of thumb. Thus the relationship between science and engineering is that science supplies gold-plated rules of thumb. 10:49 Electricity Generation Although the turbine was a nineteenth century invention, Parsons’s turbine still enables the daily lives of nearly every human on the globe as its descendants generate the world’s electricity. 11:03 Next Video In the next video Bill explores a single word from this definition of the engineering method: What exactly does an engineer mean by “best.” 11:15 End Credits https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

100523 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Two examples of how engineers solve problems _before_ they have scientific certainty: How they control whether or not fluid flow is smooth or turbulent, and how they engineer useful enzymes. *Learn More: Companion Book* Explore the ideas in this video series further with its companion book: _The Things We Make: The Unknown History of Invention from Cathedrals to Soda Cans_ (ISBN 978-1728215754) https://www.amazon.com/Things-We-Make-Invention-Cathedrals/dp/1728215757 *Other videos in this series* _Episode 1:_ Building a Cathedral without Science or Mathematics: The Engineering Method Explained https://youtu.be/_ivqWN4L3zU _Episode 3:_ The Steam Turbine: The Surprising Relationship of Engineering & Science https://youtu.be/-8lXXg8dWHk _Episode 4:_ The Microwave Oven Magnetron: What an Engineer Means by “Best” https://youtu.be/p8IO9u9IuOs *Video Summary* 00:00 Titles 00:07 Laminar and Turbulent Flow To illustrate how engineers work their way around uncertainty Bill introduces one of the most complex phenomena in nature yet one of utmost importance to engineers: the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. To illustrate these types of flow he examines the smoke rising from burning incense pointing out that the smoke near the incense flows smoothly (laminar flow) and further away becomes violently swirls (turbulent flow). 00:51 Engineering & Turbulence He notes that to this day a fundamental understanding of when that transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs puzzles scientists, yet, engineers must know when the transition occurs to control which type of flow occurs. Of prime importance is the smooth, laminar flow of air over an aircraft wing. Yet, without a fundamental scientific understanding of how to achieve that laminar flow we have flown across the Atlantic Ocean routinely since the first commercial passenger flights in 1939. 1:23 Reynolds’s Apparatus Although twenty-first century science cannot fully understand turbulence, a nineteenth-century engineering professor, Osborne Reynolds, built an apparatus to find a formula used by engineers to predict the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Reynolds learned that a) below a particular flow rate no turbulence occurs, b) that the transition occurs abruptly, and c) that there is an upper limit to the flow rate above which smooth flow cannot be sustained. 3:10 Reynolds’s Explanation To understand this behavior Reynolds compared the flow of water to a military troop. He reasoned that the orderliness of marching troops depends on three characteristics: speed, the number of soldiers in the troop, and discipline. The speed of the troop corresponds to the flow rate of the fluid, and the size of the troop to the diameter of the pipe. And the “discipline” is something called viscosity. It’s the resistance to flow. 3:51 Viscosity: Water vs Honey To understand viscosity, Bill compares the different rates of flow for water and honey: the water flows readily, while higher viscosity honey flows slowly. 4:04 Reynolds’s Number Reynolds gathered three characteristic of fluid flow — the diameter of the pipe, the velocity of the fluid’s flow, and its viscosity — into a single relationship: The diameter times the velocity divided by the viscosity. He observed that when this combination of variables was less than about 2,100 the flow was laminar and above that value the flow could became turbulent. 5:16 Technological Importance of Flow With this relationship engineers could know what to change to achieve laminar or turbulent flow. Bill mentions three designs where engineers want to control the type of flow: mixing pharmaceuticals, cooling steel, and directing the flow of air around a truck. 5:51 Science vs Engineering Reynolds’s approach doesn’t describe turbulence at a molecular level, his description was phenomenological (that is, a description of what is observed). This difference underlines the striking difference between science and engineering: the scientific method strives to reveal truths about the universe, while the engineering method seeks solutions to real-world problems. 6:10 Scientific Breakthroughs Only Change Boundaries We might think that today’s science would subsumes all of engineering. Yet scientific breakthroughs never remove the need for engineering: Humankind developed the engineering method to reach beyond codified scientific knowledge. Instead, the advance of science only pushes out the boundary between the certain and uncertain, and so resets the boundary where engineers work. 6:35 Directed Evolution To illustrate that even today engineers step beyond scientific certainty, Bill tells the story of Nobel Laureate Frances Arnold’s evolution of enzymes that can be used under the harsh conditions of industrial use. 12:01 Next Video Bill mentions that in the next video he will explore the relationship of engineering to science. 12:10 End Titles https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

090523 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Bill reveals the long-lost methods used by Medieval engineers to design stone cathedrals. Methods that required no science, mathematics, or literacy, yet which reveal the engineering method. *Learn More: Companion Book* Explore the ideas in this video series further with its companion book: _The Things We Make: The Unknown History of Invention from Cathedrals to Soda Cans_ (ISBN 978-1728215754) https://www.amazon.com/Things-We-Make-Invention-Cathedrals/dp/1728215757 *Other Videos in this Series* _Episode 2:_ Controlling Turbulence and Evolution: How Engineers Overcome Uncertainty https://youtu.be/9RAMqFg7laE _Episode 3:_ The Steam Turbine: The Surprising Relationship of Engineering & Science https://youtu.be/-8lXXg8dWHk _Episode 4:_ The Microwave Oven Magnetron: What an Engineer Means by “Best” https://youtu.be/p8IO9u9IuOs *Video Summary* 0:00 Titles 0:07 Intro In this first video of the series Bill notes that the engineering method is among the the oldest of human responses to fulfill human needs. 0:28 Göbekli Tepe Bill illustrates this with a brief discussion of the ruins of Göbekli Tepe, a stone structure in southeastern Turkey built thousands of years before Stonehenge and the pyramids. A structure whose use and purpose remains mysterious. The age of Göbekli Tepe highlights that engineering existed long before science — at least what we mean by “science” today. 0:56 Precision of Göbekli Tepe The precision of the placement of the stones in the ruin and their manner of preparation indicate that it is an engineered object. 2:39 Do Engineers Need Science? This leads to the question “Do engineers need science to create.” To answer that question Bill considers the design of Sainte-Chapelle — a stunning thirteenth century stone building. He notes that it was designed and built — as were all medieval cathedrals — by mason who knew no science, or mathematics and who could not even read, nor did they have a measuring stick. 3:13 Gothic Cathedrals: Light The medieval engineers strive to build cathedrals that could house large stained glass windows that could let in sunlight. 3:54 Pointed Arches Medieval masons used pointed arches in their cathedrals to create high ceilings. 4:16 Pointed vs Circular Arches The pointed arch allowed mason to build higher ceiling using less stone, as clearly seen in comparing Sainte-Chapelle to the Pantheon in Rome. 5:00 Width Circular Arch The width of the circular arch grows proportional to its height. 5:29 Width Pointed Arch The width of a pointed arch doesn’t expand because the pointed arch changes shape as it grows taller. 5:39 Proportional Rule Bill explains that these early engineers used a “rule of thumb” inherited from antiquity — one used to build Roman buildings like the Pantheon — to size the supporting walls underneath the arches. The rule was simple: The width of the supporting wall should be between a fifth and a fourth of the arch’s span. 6:51 How Medieval Engineers Sized Walls These early engineers could not perform the mathematics needed to implement this rule, so, as Bill demonstrates, they turned this into an action that required no calculation or measurement with a marked rule. 9:06 Why Arch Divided into Three Section As Bill notes, this is just how the geometry works out. It is the same rule as used to size the supporting wall for a semi-circular arch. 9:52 Rule of Thumb A rule of thumb is the heart of the engineering method: it allowed the masons to build without understand at a deep level the properties of stone or knowing mathematics. 10:29 The Engineering Method This is defined as “Solving problems using rules of thumb that cause the best change in a poorly understood situation using available resources.” That’s a sharp contrast with the scientific method, because these rules of thumb are only guides that offers a high probability of success, but no guarantee. 10:40 Rule of Thumb Never Disproved And, unlike a scientific theory, a rule of thumb is never, in a sense, disproved. That hundreds of cathedrals are still around today, standing for eight or nine hundred years is proof. Instead of being disproved, this rule of thumb for stone became outdated, not wrong, as iron and steel I-beams replaced stone. 11:10 Do Engineers Still Use Rules of Thumb? Bill considers the question “is engineering based on rules of thumb antiquated in our scientific age?” He notes that that line of thought misunderstands the purpose of the engineering method, which is to solve practical problem before we have full scientific knowledge. 11:33 Next Video Bill notes that in the next video he’ll explore how engineers work their way around that lack of scientific understanding, how they overcome uncertainty. 11:45 End Titles https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

160323 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Bill announces a new four-part video series -- forthcoming (hoarseness has delayed recording the final bits and pieces!) -- a new book published on March 21, 2023 called The Things We Make: The Unknown History of Invention from Cathedrals to Soda Cans. He also announces a book launch event on March 30, 2023 for those who preorder a book by March 29, 2023. You can register for this event at https://www.engineerguy.com/book-launch. Other Events and Appearances are listed near the end of the video and also at http://www.engineerguy.com/events. Lastly, he notes that, as always, he can be reached at bill@engineerguy.com or via text at 217-689-1461 (use WhatsApp if outside the US). https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

120123 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Bill describes how the minimization of surface area and inertia compete to form droplets. He then shows how engineers use this knowledge to create precisely-sized droplets in a commercial inkjet printer -- the type used to print expiration dates on food packages. https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

160123 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Bill demonstrates the temperature-dependent shape memory of nitinol metal. He explains how "twinning" in the crystal structure of nitinol produces the memory effect. He shows a nitinol-based engine that is powered by temperature differences. He closes the video with a description of superelasticity, a phenomenon related to the memory effect, which he demonstrates with a cardiac stent. (This video is dedicated to my second son: born right after the rough draft was finished, and who, thus, delayed the filming of the final video by eight months.) https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

060218 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. You can learn more about Bill's book Fatal Flight, The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship -- including listening to an audio version for free -- at www.engineerguy.com/airship or here on youtube (see link below). Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships, but R.101 flew again, its scrap melted down and sold to the Zeppelin Company, who used it to create LZ 129, an airship even more mighty than R.101—and better known as the Hindenburg. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. Link to Audiobook on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97OnTDaLqqk&list=PL0INsTTU1k2Vh4m4jS9oVE7GFga7OLaBZ https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

300118 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Bill reveals the operation and engineering design underlying the famous drinking bird toy. In this video he explores the role played by the water the bird "drinks," shows what is under the bird's hat and demonstrates that it can operate using heat from a light bulb or by "drinking" whiskey. You can find more of Bill's videos and his books at www.engineerguy.com. https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

201220 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. In this video Bill explains some of the engineering principles underlying the design of a DLP (digital light processing) 3D Printer. The printer featured is an Ember printer, manufactured originally by Autodesk, but now an open source project. Learn more about ember: http://ember.autodesk.com. Support Bill's work by becoming an advanced viewer: http://www.engineerguy.com/support. Videos linked to in at the end of the video: Micromirrors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nb8mM3uEIc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4aUU3-PKQ4 Ember Details https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2rQvxC6gX4 Overview of 3D Printing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0EJmBoLq-g Element 14 video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ-i67VoBQo https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

100121 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

070121 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. In this video Bill explains why there haven't been many videos in the last year. It's partly because he wrote a book and because he appeared in a Science Channel series. The book is on the last great British airship: details at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship -- which includes a free audiobook. https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Fatal Flight audiobook: Opening credits (1/14) https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

221118 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

080121 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

090817 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

020817 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/

180717 Like and subscribe. This is an archive, check the link in the end if you are owner. Download this audiobook, view the figures in the print version, or read the appendices at http://www.engineerguy.com/airship. Fatal Flight: The True Story of Britain's Last Great Airship is written by Bill Hammack and read by the author. Fatal Flight brings vividly to life the year of operation of R.101, the last great British airship—a luxury liner three and a half times the length of a 747 jet, with a spacious lounge, a dining room that seated fifty, glass-walled promenade decks, and a smoking room. The British expected R.101 to spearhead a fleet of imperial airships that would dominate the skies as British naval ships, a century earlier, had ruled the seas. The dream ended when, on its demonstration flight to India, R.101 crashed in France, tragically killing nearly all aboard. Combining meticulous research with superb storytelling, Fatal Flight guides us from the moment the great airship emerged from its giant shed—nearly the largest building in the British Empire—to soar on its first flight, to its last fateful voyage. The full story behind R.101 shows that, although it was a failure, it was nevertheless a supremely imaginative human creation. The technical achievement of creating R.101 reveals the beauty, majesty, and, of course, the sorrow of the human experience. The narrative follows First Officer Noel Atherstone and his crew from the ship’s first test flight in 1929 to its fiery crash on October 5, 1930. It reveals in graphic detail the heroic actions of Atherstone as he battled tremendous obstacles. He fought political pressures to hurry the ship into the air, fended off Britain’s most feted airship pilot, who used his influence to take command of the ship and nearly crashed it, and, a scant two months before departing for India, guided the rebuilding of the ship to correct its faulty design. After this tragic accident, Britain abandoned airships. Set against the backdrop of the British Empire at the height of its power in the early twentieth century, Fatal Flight portrays an extraordinary age in technology, fueled by humankind’s obsession with flight. This audio recording is released under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Non-Commercial License. Book Metadata Publisher Articulate Noise Books | info@articulatenoise.com Hardcover | ISBN 978-1-945441-01-1 eBook | ISBN 978-1-945441-02-8 Paper | ISBN 978-1-945441-03-5 Audiobook | ISBN 978-1-945441-04-2 Audience 01 — General Trade Subjects HIS015070 HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / 20th Century TEC002000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics TEC056000 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History SCI034000 SCIENCE / History https://rumblevideoarchive.wordpress.com/