Etruscan
This language is a personal favorite.
Etruscan was used from about 700 BC until the early 400's AD. In the later times of this time frame, it was only used and/or studied by the Romans. Etruscan alphabet is believed to be based on the Euboean (from the island of Euboea) variant of the Greek alphabet. The modern Roman alphabet is based on Etruscan.
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Georgian Language
Georgian is the most widely spoken of the Southern branch of the Caucasian language family. The Caucasian languages, specifically the southern branch, are also called the Kartvelian languages. All three branches of the Caucasian languages are NOT related (this means they differ considerably) unlike as in different branches of other European languages (which are quite similar) like Slavic, Germanic, ETC.
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Mongolian language
Mongolian belongs to it's own language family: Mongolic. This also includes a few other languages. Mongolian has just over 5 million speakers, mostly within Mongolia. Other Mongolic languages also use either the traditional Mongolian alphabet or another script other than Cyrillic. Traditional Mongolian script is unique, but most Mongolians use the Cyrillic alphabet as a result of close unity to the former Soviet Union, but was not a member of it.
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Chechen language
Chechen is a North-East Caucasian language, spoken mostly in the Chechen Republic of Russia. Within Chechnya alone, it has somewhere over 1 million speakers.
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Georgian
Georgian is a South Caucasian language. Georgian has the most speakers of this branch, (South) with about 5 million. Most speakers are in Georgia. The southern branch of Caucasian languages are also known as the Kartvelian languages.
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Chuvash
Chuvash is one of many Turkic languages of Russia. It is spoken by just a little over 1 million people, mostly with in Chuvashia, otherwise known as the Chuvash Republic in western European Russia.
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Turkish
Turkish is the most widely spoken Turkic language. It was written for many years, especially in Ottoman times, in the Arabic alphabet. In 1928, it was reformed and is now written in a variant of the Latin alphabet.
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Croatian
Croatian language is almost exactly the same as Serbian. That's why it is also called Serbo-Croatian. Croats (Roman Catholics) however, strictly write Croatian in Latin alphabet. Serbs use both Latin and Cyrillic.
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Northwest Caucasian languages: Adyghe and Abkhaz
Adyghe AKA West Circassian is a language from Russia, also spoken in Turkey and countries of the Middle East. Abkhaz is spoken in Abkhazia, a disputed territory of Georgia.
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Dalmatian language
Dalmatian is an extinct (no longer spoken) Romance language that was spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia. It was also spoken as far south as Montenegro, perhaps mainly in the city of Kotor. The last native speaker, Tuone Udaina, died in 1898. The Ragusan dialect of Dalmatian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa, which was centered on the city of Dubrovnik. Ragusa was the Dalmatian name for Dubrovnik.
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Serbian language
Serbian language is also called Serbo-Croatian. That is because Croatian language is almost exactly the same. The main difference is Serbian traditionally is written in Cyrillic alphabet, Croatian uses Latin. However, it is very common to write Serbian in Latin which is the same variant of the alphabet to write Croatian. Croatian is strictly written in Latin letters.
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Volga Tatar language introduction
Volga Tatar has about 5 million speakers, making it the most spoken minority language of Russia. Most speakers are in Tatarstan; one of many provinces (federal subjects) of Russia.
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