Simulated Image Demonstrates the Power of NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
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Boeing Starliner OFT-2 Launch
#Starliner is preparing for liftoff! At 6:54 p.m. EDT (22:54 UTC) on Thursday, May 19, Boeing's spacecraft launches aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on a demonstration flight that gets it one step closer to certification to carry astronauts to and from the International Space Station. The Orbital Flight Test-2 (OFT) launch is from Space Launch Complex-41 on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. OFT-2 will demonstrate the end-to-end capabilities of the Starliner spacecraft and Atlas V rocket, from launch to docking to a return to Earth in the desert of the western United States. This is the second unscrewed flight test of Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for our Commercial Crew Program.
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Take a Spin With NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
On schedule to launch no later than May 2027, NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope mission will help uncover some of the biggest mysteries in the cosmos. The state-of-the-art telescope on the Roman spacecraft will play a significant role in this, providing the largest picture of the universe ever seen with the same depth and precision as the Hubble Space Telescope. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope has successfully passed its critical design review, signaling that all design and developmental engineering work is now complete. The Roman Space Telescope is a high-precision survey mission that will advance our understanding of fundamental physics. Roman is similar to other space telescopes, like Spitzer and the James Webb Space Telescope, in that it will detect infrared light, which is invisible to human eyes. Earth’s atmosphere absorbs infrared light, which presents challenges for observatories on the ground. Roman has the advantage of flying in space, above the atmosphere. The Roman Space Telescope will collect and focus light using a primary mirror that is 2.4 meters in diameter. While it’s the same size as the Hubble Space Telescope’s main mirror, it is only one-fourth the weight, showcasing an impressive improvement in telescope technology. The mirror gathers light and sends it on to a pair of science instruments. The spacecraft’s giant camera, the Wide Field Instrument (WFI), will enable astronomers to map the presence of mysterious dark matter, which is known only through its gravitational effects on normal matter. The WFI will also help scientists investigate the equally mysterious "dark energy," which causes the universe's expansion to accelerate. Whatever its nature, dark energy may hold the key to understanding the fate of the cosmos. In addition, the WFI will survey our own galaxy to further our understanding of what planets orbit other stars, using the telescope’s ability to sense both smaller planets and more distant planets than any survey before (planets orbiting stars beyond our Sun are called "exoplanets"). This survey will help determine whether our solar system is common, unusual, or nearly unique in the galaxy. The WFI will have the same resolution as Hubble, yet has a field of view that is 100 times greater, combining excellent image quality with the power to conduct large surveys that would take Hubble hundreds of years to complete. Roman’s Coronagraph Instrument will demonstrate technology to directly image exoplanets by blocking out the light of their host stars. To date, astronomers have directly imaged only a small fraction of exoplanets, so Roman’s advanced techniques will expand our inventory and enable us to learn more about them. Results from the Coronagraph will provide the first opportunity to observe and characterize exoplanets similar to those in our solar system, located between three and 10 times Earth’s distance from the Sun, or from about midway to Jupiter to about the distance of Saturn in our solar system. Studying the physical properties of exoplanets that are more similar to Earth will take us a step closer to discovering habitable planets. Music credit: “Phenomenon" from Above and Below Written and produced by Lars Leonhard Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Scott Wiessinger (KBRwyle): Lead Producer Michael Lentz .
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NASA InSight Still Hunting Marsquakes as Power Runs Down (News Audio + Visuals)
In November 2018, NASA InSight landed in the Elysium Planitia region of Mars with the goal of studying the planet’s deep interior for the first time by using seismic signals to learn more about the properties of the planet’s crust, mantle, and core. In a teleconference, agency leadership and mission team members highlighted the spacecraft’s science accomplishments, shared details on its power situation, and discussed its future. Speakers: Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters Bruce Banerdt, InSight principal investigator, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Kathya Zamora Garcia, InSight deputy project manager, JPL Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (Original Air Date: May 17, 2022)
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NASA’s InSight Lander Accomplishes Science Goals on Mars as Power Levels Diminish
NASA’s InSight lander touched down in the Elysium Planitia region of Mars in November of 2018. During its time on the Red Planet, InSight has achieved all its primary science goals and continues to hunt for quakes on Mars. The mission is the first to reveal the interior structure of Mars, using marsquakes to study the layers inside the planet. InSight’s seismometer was the first to detect a quake on another planet. InSight also measured weather at Elysium Planitia for four years with a unique set of meteorological sensors. InSight has also persisted through adversity. The team found innovative ways to take on engineering challenges they encountered. InSight’s findings help scientists understand how all rocky worlds, including Earth and its Moon, formed.
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NASA's CAPSTONE Flying a New Path to the Moon
The Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment, or CAPSTONE, is a CubeSat that will fly a unique orbit around the Moon intended for NASA’s future Artemis lunar outpost Gateway. Its six-month mission will help launch a new era of space exploration.
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Watch a Total Lunar Eclipse
Go outside with NASA and watch the total lunar eclipse! On the evening of May 15, Earth will pass between the Sun and the Moon, blocking sunlight and casting a shadow on the lunar surface. Starting at 9:32 p.m. EDT (1:32 UTC on May 16), people with clear skies in the Americas, Europe, and parts of Africa will begin to see the Moon get bathed in the red glow of every sunrise and sunset refracted through Earth’s atmosphere. Totality will occur at 12:12 a.m. EDT on May 16 (4:12 UTC). Join NASA experts to learn about this incredible natural phenomenon, look through telescope views across the world, and hear about plans to return humans to the lunar surface with the Artemis program.
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JPL and the Space Age To the Rescue
In 1990, Hubble meant trouble. The highly touted space telescope was designed to escape Earth’s blurry atmosphere to capture unparalleled visual images of the universe, but its creators were shocked to discover that a minuscule flaw rendered it nearsighted. Enter NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists and engineers, who offered up an ingenious solution to Hubble’s visual woes. But would it work? Hubble wasn’t the only space misadventure getting JPL’s attention during the 1990s: The Magellan spacecraft, nicknamed “Salvage 1” for its reliance on spare parts, barely survived its arrival at Venus. Galileo, destined for Jupiter, barely skirted failure when its main communications antenna refused to unfurl. And Mars Observer, the first mission to the Red Planet in nearly two decades, would mysteriously disappear just before going into orbit. “To the Rescue” explores these iconic examples of the tireless effort and indomitable ingenuity of JPL engineers as they attempt to rescue the machines they had lofted into the heavens. Documentary length: 58 minutes
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Hubble's Field Guide to Galaxies
Galaxies are the visible foundation of the universe; each one a collection of stars, planets, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity. Hubble’s observations give us insight into how galaxies form, grow, and evolve through time. Hubble’s namesake, astronomer Edwin Hubble, pioneered the study of galaxies based simply on their appearance. He divided galaxies into three basic forms: This “Field Guide” will quickly teach you those three basic forms, and some new ones that astronomers have added over the years!
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AIRS NASA Advances Our Understanding of Earth’s Climate
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite has been scanning Earth for 20 years and now has a long enough record to help support climate change research. AIRS data on Earth’s atmosphere are improving weather forecasts and advancing our understanding of Earth’s climate. AIRS' infrared technology creates 3D maps of air and surface temperature, water vapor, and cloud properties. The infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum is rich in information about gases, especially greenhouse gases such as ozone and carbon dioxide. The advantage of having such an instrument in orbit is the availability of rapid global coverage. AIRS data form a 'fingerprint' of the state of the atmosphere for a given time and place, contributing to climate data for future generations NASA's Aqua satellite, with AIRS onboard, launched into Earth orbit on May 4, 2002.
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How to Bring Mars Sample Tubes Safely to Earth
NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover is filling sample tubes with rocky material on the Red Planet as the agency works on the next steps to get them safely back to Earth. The Mars Sample Return campaign would bring samples collected by the Perseverance rover to Earth for detailed study. The campaign involves an international interplanetary relay team, including the European Space Agency (ESA). These samples could answer a key question: did life ever exist on Mars? Aaron Yazzie, who works on the Mars Sample Return campaign, explains the work being done at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to ensure the safe return of the sample tubes.
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What Is NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT)?
Operating from the International Space Station, NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) mission will comprehensively measure the mineral composition of Earth’s mineral dust source regions to help scientists understand how dust particles carried by wind heat or cool our planet as they move through the atmosphere. In addition to potentially influencing warming on regional and global scales, dust can affect cloud formation, air quality, and human health. When deposited in the ocean, dust can also trigger blooms of microscopic algae. To make these measurements, EMIT will use an imaging spectrometer to measure visible and infrared light reflecting from surfaces below. EMIT launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida in 2022, as part of SpaceX’s 25th commercial resupply services mission for NASA.
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NASA’s SpaceX Crew 3 Mission for Science
After more than six months aboard the International Space Station, the astronauts of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 mission are returning home. The four crew members -- NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Raja Chari, and Tom Marshburn, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Matthias Maurer -- will travel back to Earth inside a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule. These crew members contributed to hundreds of scientific investigations and technology demonstrations while aboard the orbiting laboratory. This valuable research helps to prepare humans for future space exploration missions while generating numerous innovations and benefits for humanity on Earth.
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SWOT Earth Science Satellite Will Help Communities Plan for a Better Future
A new Earth science mission, led by NASA and the French space agency Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), will help communities plan for a better future by surveying the planet’s salt and freshwater bodies. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will measure the height of water in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and the oceans. As climate change accelerates the water cycle, more communities around the world will be inundated with water while others won’t have enough. SWOT data will be used to improve flood forecasts and monitor drought conditions, providing essential information to water management agencies, civil engineers, universities, the U.S. Department of Defense, disaster preparedness agencies, and others who need to track water in their local areas. In this video, examples of how SWOT data will be used in these communities are shared by a National Weather Service representative in Oregon, an Alaska Department of Transportation engineer, researchers from the University of Oregon and University of North Carolina, a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientist working with the Department of Defense, and a JPL scientist working with the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration
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Chasing Sprites in Electric Skies
Phenomenon Overview:
Sprites are a rare and elusive form of transient luminous event that occurs high above thunderstorms. These captivating discharges, often referred to as "Red Sprites" due to their reddish hue, manifest in the upper reaches of the Earth's atmosphere. While lightning bolts illuminate the lower atmosphere, sprites create a mesmerizing spectacle in the mesosphere, extending as high as 50 to 90 kilometers above the ground.
Electric Skies:
The term "Electric Skies" aptly captures the dynamic interplay of atmospheric electricity that gives rise to these remarkable phenomena. The Earth's atmosphere acts as a conductor for electrical currents, particularly during intense thunderstorms. As lightning discharges travel upward from the storm clouds, they create strong electric fields that extend into the upper atmosphere. These electric fields lead to the formation of sprites, which appear as intricate, branching structures resembling tendrils, columns, or even jellyfish-like shapes.
Rare and Enigmatic:
Sprites in Electric Skies remain a rare occurrence, adding to their enigmatic allure. Their fleeting nature and high-altitude occurrence make them challenging to observe from the ground. Researchers and photographers keen on capturing these ethereal events require a combination of specialized equipment, optimal weather conditions, and a dash of luck to witness and record them.
Scientific Significance:
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, sprites in Electric Skies offer valuable insights into the physics of Earth's upper atmosphere. Their occurrence is closely linked to the presence of strong lightning discharges below, providing clues about the complex interactions between thunderstorms and the ionosphere. Studying sprites can contribute to a deeper understanding of atmospheric electricity, lightning propagation, and the intricate balance of energy between the Earth's surface and outer space.
In the quest to unravel the mysteries of sprites in Electric Skies, scientists continue to study and document these captivating events. As our knowledge of atmospheric electricity evolves, these luminous displays serve as a testament to the intricate dance of natural forces that shape our planet's skies, leaving us awestruck and inspired by the boundless wonders of the cosmos.
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