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Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley sea turtles. All six of the sea turtle species present in US waters (all of those listed above except the flatback) are listed as endangered and/or threatened under the Endangered Species Act.The seventh sea turtle species is the flatback, which exists in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Sea turtles can be separated into the categories of hard-shelled (cheloniid) and leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). There is only one dermochelyid species which is the leatherback sea turtle. For each of the seven types of sea turtles, females and males are the same size; there is no sexual dimorphism. In general, sea turtles have a more fusiform body plan than their terrestrial or freshwater counterparts. This tapering at both ends reduces volume and means that sea turtles cannot retract their head and limbs into their shells for protection, unlike many other turtles and tortoises. However, the streamlined body plan reduces friction and drag in the water and allows sea turtles to swim more easily and swiftly. The leatherback sea turtle is the largest sea turtle, measuring 2–3 m (6–9 ft) in length, 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) in width, and weighing up to 700 kg (1500 lb). Other sea turtle species are smaller, being mostly 60–120 cm (2–4 ft) long and proportionally narrower.[9] The skulls of sea turtles have cheek regions that are enclosed in bone. Although this condition appears to resemble that found in the earliest known fossil reptiles (anapsids), it is possible it is a more recently evolved trait in sea turtles, placing them outside the anapsids. Sea turtles, along with other turtles and tortoises, are part of the order Testudines. All species except the leatherback sea turtle are in the family Cheloniidae. The superfamily name Chelonioidea and family name Cheloniidae are based on the Ancient Greek word for tortoise: χελώνη (khelone).The leatherback sea turtle is the only extant member of the family Dermochelyidae. The origin of sea turtles goes back to the Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) with genera such as Plesiochelys, from Europe. In Africa, the first sea turtle is Angolachelys, from the Turonian of Angola.However, neither of these are related to extant sea turtles; the oldest representative of the lineage leading to these was Desmatochelys padillai from the Early Cretaceous. A lineage of unrelated marine testudines, the pleurodire (side-necked) bothremydids, also survived well into the Cenozoic. Other pleurodires are also thought to have lived at sea, such as Araripemys and extinct pelomedusids. Modern sea turtles are not descended from more than one of the groups of sea-going turtles that have existed in the past; they instead constitute a single radiation that became distinct from all other turtles at least 110 million years ago. Sea turtles' limbs and brains have evolved to adapt to their diets. Their limbs originally evolved for locomotion, but more recently evolved to aid them in feeding. They use their limbs to hold, swipe, and forage their food. This helps them eat more efficiently natgeo,animals,wildlife,science,explore,discover,survival,nature,documentary,turtle,sea ,Sea Turtles 101,Sea Turtles,dinosaurs,reptiles survive,time of the dinosaurs,mariners,adaptations

Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving whereby divers use breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface air supply. The name "scuba", an acronym for "Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus", was coined by Christian J. Lambertsen in a patent submitted in 1952. Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, affording them greater independence and movement than surface-supplied divers, and more time underwater than free divers. Although the use of compressed air is common, a gas blend with a higher oxygen content, known as enriched air or nitrox, has become popular due to the reduced nitrogen intake during long and/or repetitive dives. Also, breathing gas diluted with helium may be used to reduce the likelihood and effects of nitrogen narcosis during deeper dives. Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a diving regulator. They may include additional cylinders for range extension, decompression gas or emergency breathing gas . Closed-circuit or semi-closed circuit rebreather scuba systems allow recycling of exhaled gases. The volume of gas used is reduced compared to that of open circuit, so a smaller cylinder or cylinders may be used for an equivalent dive duration. Rebreathers extend the time spent underwater compared to open circuit for the same gas consumption; they produce fewer bubbles and less noise than open circuit scuba which makes them attractive to covert military divers to avoid detection, scientific divers to avoid disturbing marine animals, and media divers to avoid bubble interference. Scuba diving may be done recreationally or professionally in a number of applications, including scientific, military and public safety roles, but most commercial diving uses surface-supplied diving equipment when this is practicable. Scuba divers engaged in armed forces covert operations may be referred to as frogmen, combat divers or attack swimmers. A scuba diver primarily moves underwater by using fins attached to the feet, but external propulsion can be provided by a diver propulsion vehicle, or a sled pulled from the surface. Other equipment needed for scuba diving includes a mask to improve underwater vision, exposure protection by means of a diving suit, ballast weights to overcome excess buoyancy, equipment to control buoyancy, and equipment related to the specific circumstances and purpose of the dive, which may include a snorkel when swimming on the surface, a cutting tool to manage entanglement, lights, a dive computer to monitor decompression status, and signalling devices. Scuba divers are trained in the procedures and skills appropriate to their level of certification by diving instructors affiliated to the diver certification organisations which issue these certifications.[6] These include standard operating procedures for using the equipment and dealing with the general hazards of the underwater environment, and emergency procedures for self-help and assistance of a similarly equipped diver experiencing problems. A minimum level of fitness and health is required by most training organisations, but a higher level of fitness may be appropriate for some applications. #Guillaume#Nery#freediving,freedive,champion,record,monde,apnea,apnée,base,jump

The history of scuba diving is closely linked with the history of the equipment. By the turn of the twentieth century, two basic architectures for underwater breathing apparatus had been pioneered; open-circuit surface supplied equipment where the diver's exhaled gas is vented directly into the water, and closed-circuit breathing apparatus where the diver's carbon dioxide is filtered from the exhaled breathing gas, which is then recirculated, and more gas added to replenish the oxygen content. Closed circuit equipment was more easily adapted to scuba in the absence of reliable, portable, and economical high pressure gas storage vessels. By the mid-twentieth century, high pressure cylinders were available and two systems for scuba had emerged: open-circuit scuba where the diver's exhaled breath is vented directly into the water, and closed-circuit scuba where the carbon dioxide is removed from the diver's exhaled breath which has oxygen added and is recirculated. Oxygen rebreathers are severely depth limited due to oxygen toxicity risk, which increases with depth, and the available systems for mixed gas rebreathers were fairly bulky and designed for use with diving helmets.[1] The first commercially practical scuba rebreather was designed and built by the diving engineer Henry Fleuss in 1878, while working for Siebe Gorman in London.[2] His self contained breathing apparatus consisted of a rubber mask connected to a breathing bag, with an estimated 50–60% oxygen supplied from a copper tank and carbon dioxide scrubbed by passing it through a bundle of rope yarn soaked in a solution of caustic potash.[2][3] During the 1930s and all through World War II, the British, Italians and Germans developed and extensively used oxygen rebreathers to equip the first frogmen. In the U.S. Major Christian J. Lambertsen invented a free-swimming oxygen rebreather. In 1952 he patented a modification of his apparatus, this time named SCUBA, an acronym for "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus,"[4][5][6][7] which became the generic English word for autonomous breathing equipment for diving, and later for the activity using the equipment.[8] After World War II, military frogmen continued to use rebreathers since they do not make bubbles which would give away the presence of the divers. The high percentage of oxygen used by these early rebreather systems limited the depth at which they could be used due to the risk of convulsions caused by acute oxygen toxicit Although a working demand regulator system had been invented in 1864 by Auguste Denayrouze and Benoît Rouquayrol,[10] the first open-circuit scuba system developed in 1925 by Yves Le Prieur in France was a manually adjusted free-flow system with a low endurance, which limited the practical usefulness of the system.[11] In 1942, during the German occupation of France, Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Émile Gagnan designed the first successful and safe open-circuit scuba, a twin hose system known as the Aqua-Lung. Their system combined an improved demand regulator with high-pressure air tanks.[12] This was patented in 1945. To sell his regulator in English-speaking countries Cousteau registered the Aqua-Lung trademark, which was first licensed to the U.S. Divers company,[13] and in 1948 to Siebe Gorman of England,[14] Siebe Gorman was allowed to sell in Commonwealth countries, but had difficulty in meeting the demand and the U.S. patent prevented others from making the product. The patent was circumvented by Ted Eldred of Melbourne, Australia, who developed the single-hose open-circuit scuba system, which separates the first stage and demand valve of the pressure regulator by a low-pressure hose, puts the demand valve at the diver's mouth, and releases exhaled gas through the demand valve casing. Eldred sold the first Porpoise Model CA single hose scuba early in 1952.[15] Early scuba sets were usually provided with a plain harness of shoulder straps and waist belt. Many harnesses did not have a backplate, and the cylinders rested directly against the diver's back.[16] Early scuba divers dived without a buoyancy aid.[17] In an emergency they had to jettison their weights. In the 1960s adjustable buoyancy life jackets (ABLJ) became available, which can be used to compensate for loss of buoyancy at depth due to compression of the neoprene wetsuit and as a lifejacket that will hold an unconscious diver face-upwards at the surface. The first versions were inflated from a small disposable carbon dioxide cylinder, later with a small direct coupled air cylinder. A low-pressure feed from the regulator first-stage to an inflation/deflation valve unit an oral inflation valve and a dump valve lets the volume of the ABLJ be controlled as a buoyancy aid. In 1971 the stabilizer jacket was introduced by ScubaPro. This class of buoyancy aid is known as a buoyancy control device or buoyancy compensator.[18][19] A backplate and wing is an alternative configuration of scuba harness with a buoyancy compensation bladder known as a "wing" mounted behind the diver, sandwiched between the backplate and the cylinder or cylinders. This arrangement became popular with cave divers making long or deep dives, who needed to carry several extra cylinders, as it clears the front and sides of the diver for other equipment to be attached in the region where it is easily accessible.[20][21] Sidemount is a scuba diving equipment configuration which has basic scuba sets, each comprising a single cylinder with a dedicated regulator and pressure gauge, mounted alongside the diver, clipped to the harness below the shoulders and along the hips, instead of on the back of the diver. It originated as a configuration for advanced cave diving, as it facilitates penetration of tight sections of cave, as sets can be easily removed and remounted when necessary. Sidemount diving has grown in popularity within the technical diving community for general decompression diving,[22] and has become a popular specialty for recreational diving.[23][24][25] In the 1950s the United States Navy (USN) documented procedures for military use of what is now called nitrox,[9] and in 1970, Morgan Wells, of (NOAA) began instituting diving procedures for oxygen-enriched air. In 1979 NOAA published procedures for the scientific use of nitrox in the NOAA Diving Manual.[26][27] In 1985 IAND (International Association of Nitrox Divers) began teaching nitrox use for recreational diving. After initial resistance by some agencies, the use of a single nitrox mixture has become part of recreational diving, and multiple gas mixtures are common in technical diving to reduce overall decompression time.[28] Nitrogen narcosis limits the depth when breathing nitrox mixtures. In 1924 the US Navy started to investigate the possibility of using helium and after animal experiments, human subjects breathing heliox 20/80 (20% oxygen, 80% helium) were successfully decompressed from deep dives,[29] Cave divers started using trimix to allow deeper dives and it was used extensively in the 1987 Wakulla Springs Project and spread to the north-east American wreck diving community.[30] The challenges of deeper dives and longer penetrations and the large amounts of breathing gas necessary for these dive profiles and ready availability of oxygen sensing cells beginning in the late 1980s led to a resurgence of interest in rebreather diving. By accurately measuring the partial pressure of oxygen, it became possible to maintain and accurately monitor a breathable gas mixture in the loop at any depth.[31] In the mid 1990s semi-closed circuit rebreathers became available for the recreational scuba market, followed by closed circuit rebreathers around the turn of the millennium.[32] Rebreathers are currently (2018) manufactured for the military, technical and recreational scuba markets.[31] #animal video,#animals,#dodo,cute animals,pets,wildlife,pet videos,wildlife videos,animals the dodo,the dodo animals,rescuing animals,the dodo wild hearts,wild hearts,wild hearts dodo,wild hearts the dodo,wild seals,wild seal,seal,the dodo seal,seals,the dodo seals,diver plays with seal,seal plays with diver,wild animals

Baby Elephant Bathing shower himself. He get more fun to five minute and his Mother Waiting........... #african elephant#elephant#elephant family and me,gordon buchanan,gordon buchanan documentary,baby elephant,baby elephants takes her first bath,first bath,elephants bathing,muddy elephant,african elephants for kids

Father Mother & Baby Elephant more fun in Water. #Baby Elephant Wan Mai Outing #Baby Elephant #Wan Mai,Elephant Nature Park,Save Elephant Foundation,Cute baby Elephant,Adorable elephant,Elephant In Swimming Pool,Baby Elephant Play Ball,

Chimpansy Think........Oops What About That.................. #A Funny Monkeys Compilation,Funny Monkey Videos #monkey,monkeys #funny,funny videos,funny monkey,funny monkey videos,monkey videos,monkey funny,funny monkeys,funny video,funniest,top 10,cute,compilation,animal,animals,funny animals,cutest,monkey funny video,pet,pets,funny videos 2020,videos,video,clips,moments,EMC,Epic Laughs,Funny Pets

Watch Zabu the white tiger attack the water as she frolics around in our 2.5 acre Vacation Rotation enclosure at Big Cat Rescue! Tigers are one of only a few species of big cats that actually like the water, so we make sure that they all have access to a pool or section of our lake to cool off and play in! :) #animal #animal videos #big cat rescue,Florida,cat,cat videos,cats,cute,tigers,lions,leopards,tiger swimming,swimming with tiger,tiger attacks,white tiger,splashing,water,pool,fountain,sprinkler,playing,chase,liger,cute tiger cubs,tiger cubs,swim with tigers,funny,laugh,plays in pool,dive,jump,white liger,liger cubs,friends,power,beauty,predator,pet,dangerous,escape

This is One of world's deadliest animal.We make films about the incredible natural world, we investigate the conundrums, quirks and beautiful science of our amazing planet. #bbc earth unplugged #earthunplugged #getting too close to a wild tiger,tiger charge,steve backshall,deadly 60,deadly 60 full episodes,tiger attack,tiger charges at camera,tiger charges man,bbc,bbcearth,bbc documentary,bbc earth,earth unplugged

A bald eagle calls out to another eagle passing nearby. #bald #eagle #bears,wolves,elk,bighorn,sheep,bison,moose,photoguide,wildlife,outdoor,photography,photo,safaris

Crocodile hold and Deep Meditation in Under Water. He Stay at his Chance. Can t Believe that. #Documentary #Cave Crocs of Gabon #channel,stream TV,TV online,watch,jaw,amphibian,hunting,Facts,dwarf croc,video,Episodes,free tv,cold-blooded,sensory pit,catfish,ambush,smithsonian,crocodilians,free videos,Africa,dwarf crocodile,west african dwarf crocodile,crocodile attack,crocodile,dwarf crocodile documentary,dwarf crocodile facts,dwarf crocodile bite force,dwarf crocodile size,caiman dwarf crocodile,red dwarf crocodile,dwarf crocodile pet,alligator,breathing

In this African Wildlife, a Mother mongoose protect her fammily from Enemy Mongoose. There Meerket Mongooses in Africa. Most Beautiful and Dangerous Mongooses in the Word. Mother and Family Love What ever...... #nature documentary #full documentary #documentary movie,cute animals,baby animals,animals attack,big cats,wildlife documentary,english,hd,discovery channel,national geographic,natgeo wild,Nature documentaries - topic,Animals - topic,planet earth,david attenborough,Animals Do The Funniest Things,Animals Do The Cutest Things,Cute Baby Animals,Funny,Animal,Video,Funny Baby Animal Video,Full Animal Documentary,mongoose,mongoose documentary

Snoop has an obsession. He…loves…STICKS. And if he sees one, he has to bring it home and add it to his gigantic stick collection! But now, Snoop is on a very important mission…to find the STICK. #dodo kids #the dodo kids #he dodo,dodo,animals,cute animals,animal rescues,kids and animals,rescue animals,animal songs,animal videos,animal videos for kids,animals for kids,animals for children,funny animal videos,videos for kids,funny animals,for kids,animals for toddlers,for toddlers,dog,dogs,funny dogs,dog videos

During a football match of the Turkish professional football club in Istanbul’s Karagümrük, a dog entered the field and took control of the soccer ball from the players. Dog playing Like Ronaldo.

Dog Reaction with Human. Funny dog reaction.