NASAExplorer2

Scientific Visualization Studio 5121: ODIAC: a map of human made carbon dioxide emissions 14349: NASA Interview Opportunity: Celebrate the James Webb Space Telescope’s First Year Of Amazing Science With a New Observation Live Shots PACE Mission Enlists the United States Marine Band for Acoustic Testing Fanfare Released Friday, June 30th, 2023 Updated Thursday, July 13th, 2023 at 9:50AM Edited by: Ryan Fitzgibbons Scientific consulting by: Gary Davis Interviewees: Gary Davis Produced by: Ryan Fitzgibbons Videography: Rob Andreoli View full credits Music: "Eternal Hope," "Power of Night," Universal Production Music "Also Sprach Zarathustra," Composed by Richard Strauss, Performed by the United States Marine Band "PACE Fanfare," Composed by Gunnery Sergeant Scott Ninmer, Performed by the United States Marine Band Recorded sound courtesy of the U. S. Marine Band®. Use of the recorded sound does not constitute or imply endorsement by the Department of Defense, U. S. Marine Corps, or U. S. Marine Band®. The terms U. S. Marine Band® and “The President’s Own®” are trademarks of the U. S. Marine Corps, used with permission. The other works requested for use in this project are free and clear of any underlying copyright encumbrances and are in the public domain. Neither the Marine Corps nor the Marine Band accept any responsibility for any use of Marine Band sound other than our own distribution. Complete transcript available. PACE Systems Engineer Gary Davis enlists the help of the United States Marine Band to see if musicians can match the acoustic levels the spacecraft is subjected to in testing. Vertical version for Instagram Reels. Music: "Eternal Hope," "Power of Night," Universal Production Music "Ride of the Valkyries," Composed by Richard Wagner, Performed by the United States Marine Band "Also Sprach Zarathustra," Composed by Richard Strauss, Performed by the United States Marine Band "PACE Fanfare," Composed by Gunnery Sergeant Scott Ninmer, Performed by the United States Marine Band Recorded sound courtesy of the U. S. Marine Band®. Use of the recorded sound does not constitute or imply endorsement by the Department of Defense, U. S. Marine Corps, or U. S. Marine Band®. The terms U. S. Marine Band® and “The President’s Own®” are trademarks of the U. S. Marine Corps, used with permission. The other works requested for use in this project are free and clear of any underlying copyright encumbrances and are in the public domain. Neither the Marine Corps nor the Marine Band accept any responsibility for any use of Marine Band sound other than our own distribution. Credits Please give credit for this item to: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Editor Ryan Fitzgibbons (KBRwyle) [Lead] Scientist Gary Davis (NASA) [Lead] Interviewee Gary Davis (NASA) [Lead] Producer Ryan Fitzgibbons (KBRwyle) [Lead] Videographers Rob Andreoli (AIMM) [Lead] John D. Philyaw (AIMM) Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Ryan Fitzgibbons (KBRwyle) Project support Jacob Richmond (NASA/GSFC) [Lead] Technical support Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET) Missions This visualization is related to the following missions: Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Series This visualization can be found in the following series: Narrated Movies You may also like... ID: 14315 Produced Video Tracking Carbon from Wildfires to Ocean Blooms March 22nd, 2023 Music: "On the Trail," "Idle at Midnight," "Synthetic Comfort," Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available.Video descriptive text available.The following footage is provided by pond5.com through licensing and may not be excised: 00:00-00:12, 01:03-01:13, 01:15-01:23, 01:37-01:45, 02:07-02:21, 03:31-03:34, 03:43-03:47, 04:06-04:19, and 04:36-04:46 || Between September 2019 and March 2020, wildfires killed billions of animals and decimated more than 200 thousand square kilometers of Australian forest, an area larger than Nebraska. Later, thousands of kilometers away in the Southern Ocean, massive algae blooms covered a surface larger than the area of Australia itself. The connection between these major wildfires and the subsequent explosion of phytoplankton production is an example of the events NASA's upcoming Plankton, Aerosols, Clouds, and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission will help investigate. PACE's suite of instruments will allow scientists to get a clearer picture of carbon as it links land use and fires, atmospheric aerosols and marine communities, and ultimately improves those uncertain the data we put into climate models. || ID: 14236 Produced Video PACE Integration and Testing Footage Nov. 3rd, 2022 This is a collection of raw footage of the integration and testing of the instruments and spacecraft for the Plankton, Aerosols, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission. || Beauty shots of the PACE spacecraft in the cleanroom with engineers. || Beauty shots of the PACE spacecraft in the cleanroom with engineers. || Integration of the SPEXone instrument on the PACE spacecraft. || Integration of the bus assembly. || Integration of the bus assembly. || Integration of the bus assembly. || Music: Morning Coffee by Anders Johan Gregor Lewen [STIM]Complete transcript available.Video descriptions available. || ID: 13523 Produced Video Goddard Earth Science Overview April 20th, 2020 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has the largest collection of Earth scientists on the planet. Their job is to be the nation's trusted source of comprehensive environmental information about the current state and the future of Earth. They build, design, launch and operate scientific missions, including satellites and airborne campaigns, as well as ground campaigns, to understand how the Earth works and how to predict how the Earth will change in the future.Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || ID: 12066 Produced Video Jeremy Werdell: Carbon and Climate Soundbite Nov. 20th, 2015 Jeremy Werdell, oceanographer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, discusses the importance of microscopic plankton in the global carbon cycle. With his colleagues, Jeremy is working to answer important questions about how much carbon dioxide the oceans are absorbing, and how that might change in the future.For complete transcript, click here.Music credit: Molecular by Mark Hawkins || Jeremy Werdell is studying how microscopic plankton in the oceans are responding to our changing climate. As a scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, he knows that Earth's oceans and land cover have been doing us a favor. As people burn fossil fuels and clear forests, only half of the carbon dioxide released stays in the atmosphere, warming and altering Earth’s climate. The other half is removed from the air by the planet’s vegetation ecosystems and oceans. But Jeremy and other scientists are still trying to answer important questions about how carbon dioxide emissions get absorbed by the land and the ocean — and how this could change in the future. Later this month, the United Nations climate meeting in Paris (Conference of Parties, aka COP-21) will focus on setting limits on future levels of human-produced carbon emissions. || ID: 14368 Produced Video How NASA Observes Air Quality in DC June 21st, 2023 16x9 version optimized for YouTube. Universal Production Music: Evolving Earth Underscore by James Carlin BakerThis video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by Pond5.com is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.htmlComplete transcript available. || Take a Deep BreathThe air across the entire United States is cleaner than ever – but there’s more to do. NASA-supported scientist Susan Anenberg reviews air pollution data from satellites, airplanes, and ground sensors and combines it with data on race, ethnicity, poverty, and health. In doing so Anenberg unveils the both the big picture of air pollution and individual neighborhood effects. Information that lets community leaders and other decision makers to make better decisions and address long standing inequities. || ID: 14369 Produced Video Leveraging NASA Research to Safeguard the U.S. East Coast from Hurricanes June 21st, 2023 16x9 optimized for YouTube Music: Downloading Landscapes by Andrew Michael Britton & David Stephen Goldsmith and Swift Response by Miguel D' Oliveira This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by Pond5.com and NOAA is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.htmlComplete transcript available. || ID: 14367 Produced Video NASA and Agriculture June 15th, 2023 Feeding a Hungry World The farmers responsible for the food that reaches your plate need a lot of a very precious and limited resource, water. NASA works with farmers like Dwane Roth of Kansas to help them track their water use. Roth says that farmers like him are seeing more frequent, hotter days with less rain. “We need to grow more with less and get as much out of each drop of water we can,” he says. NASA helps to promote the use of Earth observations to strengthen food security. One solution is OpenET, a system that puts near-real-time water data into the hands of farmers in the United States. || ID: 14364 Produced Video A Year in Climate June 12th, 2023 Complete transcript available. || Understanding the Earth gives us the means to better protect it. Join NASA, as we monitor, study, and observe our planet 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year— to learn more and to protect and improve life on Earth.Music credit: “Ad Infinitum” from Universal Production Music || ID: 5088 Visualization Tracking the Spread of the Caldor and Dixie Fires June 12th, 2023 This visualization shows the spread of the Caldor and the Dixie fires in California during the summer of 2021, updated every 12 hours from a new fire detection and tracking approach based on near-real time active fire detections from the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi-NPP satellite.Complete transcript available. || This visualization highlights data from a new fire detection and tracking approach (Chen et al., 2022) based on near-real time active fire detections from the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi-NPP satellite. Every 12 hours, the fire tracking algorithm uses new active fire detections to update the total fire perimeter and estimate the position of active fire lines where the fire may continue to spread. This approach provides a detailed perspective on the behavior of the Caldor and Dixie fires, identifying periods of rapid fire expansion and active fire detections within the perimeter from continued flaming and smoldering behind the active fire fronts.The visualization shows the progression over time as the fire spreads. The yellow outlines track the position of the active fire lines every 12 hours for the last 60 hours, with the latest location of the fire front shown in the brightest shade of yellow. The red points show the location of active fire detections within the perimeter, while the grey region shows the estimated total area burned. The graph shows the cumulative burned area in square kilometers. || ID: 14386 Produced Video Take Flight with NASA's STAQS Campaign July 19th, 2023 Music credit: “Game Night Instrumental Wong” from Universal Production MusicStock footage: Pond5.comComplete transcript available. || NASA and NOAA’s STAQS campaign is taking to the skies and ground this summer to support TEMPO satellite data. Scientists will compare the air quality data they measure from planes with what TEMPO measures from orbit, making both measurements better. || Privacy Policy and Important Notices Reproduction Guidelines NASA Official: Mark SubbaRao SVS Contact: Alex Kekesi Site Curator: Eytan Kaplan Web Page Design: Eytan Kaplan

NASA and NOAA’s STAQS campaign is taking to the skies and ground this summer to support TEMPO satellite data. Scientists will compare the air quality data they measure from planes with what TEMPO measures from orbit, making both measurements better.

Until the 20th century, astronomers learned virtually all they knew about sources in the sky from only the tiny fraction of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the eye. However, as astronomers have discovered how to collect radiation outside this part of the spectrum, they have been able to learn much more about the universe. Many objects reveal different aspects of their composition and behavior at different wavelengths. Other objects are completely invisible at one wavelength, yet are clearly visible at another. In this video, Dr. Padi Boyd explains the exciting future of multiwavelength astronomy and how important Hubble is to exploring the mysteries of the universe.

Around a different star, Earth may never have developed life at all. So what makes a star friendly to life? We joined two rocket teams as they traveled to the remote Northern Territory of Australia to capture light from our closest stellar neighbors to help reveal the answer. Follow their journey in the 6-part video series High Above Down Under. Episodes released weekly starting June 27, 2023.

Video producer Sophia Roberts explains the basic principles behind spectroscopy, the science of reading light to determine the size, distance, spin and chemical composition of distant objects in space.

NICER tracked how three bright, X-ray-emitting hot spots slowly wandered across the object’s surface while also decreasing in size, providing the best look yet at this phenomenon. The largest spot eventually coalesced with a smaller one, which is something astronomers haven’t seen before A magnetar is a type of isolated neutron star, the crushed core left behind when a massive star explodes. Compressing more mass than the Sun’s into a ball about 12 miles (20 kilometers) across, a neutron star is made of matter so dense that a teaspoonful would weigh as much as a mountain on Earth. What sets magnetars apart is that they sport the strongest magnetic fields known, up to 10 trillion times more intense than a refrigerator magnet’s and a thousand times stronger than a typical neutron star’s. The magnetic field represents an enormous storehouse of energy that, when disturbed, can power an outburst of enhanced X-ray activity lasting from months to years. On Oct. 10, 2020, NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory discovered just such an outburst from a new magnetar, called SGR 1830-0645 (SGR 1830 for short). It’s located in the constellation Scutum, and while its distance is not precisely known, astronomers estimate that the object lies about 13,000 light-years away. Swift turned its X-Ray Telescope to the source, detecting repeated pulses that revealed the object was rotating every 10.4 seconds. NICER measurements from the same day show that the X-ray emission exhibited three close peaks with every rotation. They were caused when three individual surface regions much hotter than their surroundings spun into and out of our view. NICER observed SGR 1830 almost daily from its discovery to Nov. 17, after which the Sun was too close to the field of view for safe observation. Over this period, the emission peaks gradually shifted, occurring at slightly different times in the magnetar’s rotation. The results favor a model where the spots form and move as a result of crustal motion, in much the same way as the motion of tectonic plates on Earth drives seismic activity. The team thinks these observations reveal a single active region where the crust has become partially molten, slowly deforming under magnetic stress. The three moving hot spots likely represent locations where coronal loops – similar to the bright, glowing arcs of plasma seen on the Sun – connect to the surface. The interplay between the loops and crustal motion drives the drifting and merging behavior.

NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft is cruising back to Earth with a sample it collected from the rocky surface of asteroid Bennu. When its sample capsule parachutes down into the Utah desert on Sept. 24, OSIRIS-REx will become the United States’ first-ever mission to return an asteroid sample to Earth.

Landsat Next is on the horizon—the new mission will not only ensure continuity of the longest space-based record of Earth’s land surface, it will fundamentally transform the breadth and depth of actionable information freely available to end users. Landsat Next is on the horizon—the new mission will not only ensure continuity of the longest space-based record of Earth’s land surface, it will fundamentally transform the breadth and depth of actionable information freely available to end users. Let's take a look at the new capabilities that will define the next Landsat mission, which will unlock new applications for water quality, crop production, soil health and much more.

NASA studies the makeup and workings of the universe, from the smallest particles of matter and energy to its large-scale structure and evolution. Scientists look far back in space and time to learn the full cosmic history of stars and galaxies. They tease out details of the environments around black holes and observe the most powerful explosions since the big bang. NASA is discovering numerous planets beyond our solar system, decoding how planetary systems form, and learning how environments hospitable for life develop

Video Descriptions for The Insanely Important World of Phytoplankton Narration: Transcript: 0:00 Microscopic footage of phytoplankton, appearing as translucent browns, greens and yellows in various shapes, slowly moving across the frame. 0:09 VHS distortion transition to large green lettering reading “Phyto Phyters” appears over a teal view of the ocean. Video montage of three children playing with phytoplankton-themed action figures. The figures’ heads are all modeled after the shapes of different phytoplankton types. 0:43 The words “Phyto Phyters” appear again over video of all the action figures and in smaller print “each sold separately” appears at the bottom. 0:46 Another VHS distortion transition to scientist Ivona Cetinic in a studio interview. 0:52 Fullscreen title graphic in sepia tones and several hand-drawn sketches of phytoplankton in the frame. In the middle reads “The Insanely Important World of Phytoplankton.” 0:54 Cetinic in the studio. Graphic reads “Ivona Cetinic, PACE Science Lead for Ocean Biogeochemistry.” 1:01 Fullscreen graphic over blue background with three rectangles showing sketches of a bear, an elephant and a deer. Each rectangle is labeled “Mammal” at the bottom. 1:02 Fullscreen graphic over green background with three rectangles showing sketches of a tree, a cactus and a pineapple Each rectangle is labeled “Plant” at the bottom. 1:04 Fullscreen graphic over muted yellow background with translucent images of mixed plankton types. A block of text in the middle appears and reads “plankton” with the written phonetic spelling and the definition “the passively floating or weakly swimming usually minute organisms (such as dinoflagellates, diatoms, copepods, radiolarians and larval crustaceans and fish) of a body of water.)” 1:10 Several shots of microscopic views of diatoms and phytoplankton moving slowly in liquid 1:22 Cetinic in the studio. 1:26 Fullscreen graphic over blue-green and purple backgrounds. A white circle with three images of translucent zooplankton appear followed by a circle with three microscopic views of phytoplankton. 1:32 Cetinic in the studio. 1:33 Fullscreen graphic of the process of photosynthesis by a group of phytoplankton. The elements are hand-drawn with limited motion over an old textbook page background. In the frame the Sun appears over the surface of the ocean with a group of phytoplankton below, which are shown in a circular inset. Arrows go from the Sun and from a carbon dioxide molecule toward the ocean and the phytoplankton. An arrow goes from the phytoplankton outward to a pair of sugar cubes. Finally a hand drawn mackerel fish swims through the phytoplankton and off screen. 1:57 Cetinic in the studio. 2:04 Fullscreen graphic of a large circular array of images of phytoplankton, mostly diatoms, that move toward camera. 2:09 A montage of images of phytoplankton taken by scanning electron microscope. The images are grayscale and very detailed, showing a variety of shapes and configurations of phytoplankton. 2:19 Microscopic video of two phytoplankton swimming and interacting. 2:22 Microscopic video of a single three-horned phytoplankton swimming in circles. 2:26 Cetinic in the studio. 2:28 Fullscreen graphic over a blue background of several phytoplankton in scanning electron microscope resolution with the label “coccolithophores.” The camera pushes in to one of the phytoplankton and a label appears “Emiliania huxleyi.” 2:34 Scanning electron microscope views of Emiliania huxleyi, which is round and covered in oval hubcap-shaped plates. 2:39 Aerial footage descending in front of the White Cliffs of Dover in England with a label at the bottom reading “Coccolithophores made this.” 2:43 Cetinic in the studio. 2:46 Scanning electron microscope view of Emiliania huxleyi, which is round and covered in oval hubcap-shaped plates. 2:49 Cetinic in the studio holding a small strand of her hair. 2:53 Satellite view of a phytoplankton bloom in the Barents Sea near Norway. The ocean is swirled with milky blue color indicating the bloom. 2:58 Fullscreen graphic over a stylized sepia-toned textbook view of the ocean. Under the water surface is a cluster of Emiliania huxleyi and a hand-drawn zooplankton drifts toward the phytoplankton. An arrow from a carbon dioxide molecule points toward the Emiliania cluster. The zooplankton releases waste, which then joins a clump labeled “marine snow” that drifts downward in the ocean column. Then a cluster of calcium carbonate plates from Emiliania drifts downward to the ocean floor, resulting in a small pile with the label “sequestered.” The camera moves back upward in frame to show the carbon dioxide molecule again. 3:20 Cetinic in the studio. 3:23 Two round brownish-yellow phytoplankton with long tails swim in microscopic video with the label “Alexandrium.” 3:29 Microscopic video of a short chain of Alexandrium phytoplankton moving quickly through the frame. 3:34 Microscopic video of a large number of Alexandrium moving about in frame. 3:39 Split screen image showing a sign posted reading “This area closed to all digging of clams, mussels, quahogs, oysters, carnivorous whelks or snails because of pollution or paralytic shellfish poisoining.” On the right side is aerial footage of the Owls Head lighthouse in Portland, Maine. 3:42 Microscopic video of Alexandrium shown at 40 times the magnification. 3:50 Footage of shellfish and fish being handled and placed on a long table. 3:56 Satellite image of a phytoplankton bloom off a coast. The ocean has swirls of blues, greens, yellows and teals. 4:04 Cetinic in the studio. 4:06 Animation of the PACE satellite as it orbits over Earth. The camera pushes in to show the instruments. 4:09 Visualization of the PACE satellite with a wide angled green translucent swath labeled “Ocean Color Instrument.” 4:15 Cetinic in the studio. 4:17 Fullscreen graphic showing an inset of a satellite image of Bermuda. A vertical scale on the right shows red, green and blue wavelengths, going from 300 nanometers to 1100 nanometers. The scale also shows ranges from the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared. As the scale moves upward on the scale, the colors on the satellite image shift from teals to dark blues to dark reds. 4:25 Several graphs appear showing lines that correspond to the wavelength of light absorbed by different phytoplankton types, including Emiliania, Phaeocystis, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. Insets of microscopic imagery of each type appear superimposed over the graphs. 4:34 Cetinic in the studio. 4:39 Microscopic video of a very long thin needlelike phytoplankton moving upward in frame followed by video of smaller oblong diatoms moving about in frame. 4:46 Cetinic in the studio. 4:49 Close up of a yellow-green diatom phytoplankton moving slowly toward a greenish blob. 4:51 Montage of video footage showing a cloudy, phytoplankton-filled shallow ocean section, then a man moving a net full of crabs into a container on a boat, then a close up of two oysters in a shallow tidal pool, then an aerial view over rocky coast of Maine. 4:59 The NASA logo, a blue circle with a red stylized arrow and a white orbit path around white letters reading “NASA."

The Hubble Space Telescope celebrated its 33rd year in orbit by premiering a stunning new Hubble image of a nearby star-forming region named NGC 1333. Even after all these years, Hubble continues to uncover the mysteries of the universe. These are a few science achievements from Hubble’s latest year in orbit.

"Cosmic Cycles: A Space Symphony" is a groundbreaking collaboration between acclaimed composer Henry Dehlinger, NASA, and the National Philharmonic, featuring a unique fusion of music and video in seven multimedia works on the Sun, Earth, Moon, Planets, and Cosmos. This transformative project takes the audience on a captivating voyage through the universe, showcasing the beauty and power of the marriage between music and science.

In October 2023, NASA is launching the Heliophysics Big Year – a global celebration of solar science and the Sun’s influence on Earth, our solar system, and beyond. Modeled after the “Big Year” concept from citizen scientists in the bird-watching community, the Heliophysics Big Year challenges everyone to get involved with Sun-related activities. The Heliophysics Big Year begins in October 2023 and runs through December 2024.

On Oct. 14, 2023, an annular solar eclipse will cross North, Central, and South America. Visible in parts of the United States, Mexico, and many countries in South and Central America, millions of people in the Western Hemisphere can experience this eclipse. But what is an annular eclipse? Why does it happen? And why does it create a “ring of fire” in the sky?

Astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have come up with what they say is some of their best evidence yet for the presence of a rare class of “intermediate-sized” black hole that may be lurking in the heart of the closest globular star cluster to Earth, located 6,000 light-years away. Like intense gravitational potholes in the fabric of space, virtually all black holes seem to come in two sizes: small and humongous. It’s estimated that our galaxy is littered with 100 million small black holes (several times the mass of our Sun) created from exploded stars. The universe at large is flooded with supermassive black holes, weighing millions or billions of times our Sun’s mass and found in the centers of galaxies. A long-sought missing link is an intermediate-mass black hole, weighing in somewhere between 199 and 10,000 solar masses. How would they form, where would they hang out, and why do they seem to be so rare?

Gravitational waves are invisible ripples in the fabric of space-time. They are caused by some of the most violent and energetic events in the universe. These include colliding black holes, collapsing stellar cores, merging neutron stars or white dwarf stars, the wobble of neutron stars that are not perfect spheres and possibly even the remnants of gravitational radiation created by the birth of the universe. In this video, Dr. Padi Boyd explains gravitational waves and how important Hubble is to exploring the mysteries of the universe.

Mars Sample Return is a multi-mission campaign designed to retrieve scientifically selected samples of rock and sediment that the Perseverance rover is collecting on the surface of Mars. Bringing those samples to Earth would allow scientist to study them using the most advance laboratory instruments-those that will exist in the coming decade and those in the decades to follow. The campaign is one of the most ambitious endeavors in spaceflight history, involving multiple spacecraft, multiple launches, and multiple government agencies. Goddard is currently designing and developing the Capture, Containment, and Return System that would deliver the Mars sample tubes back to Earth.

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft continues gathering a wide variety of data on our Moon using its suite of scientific instruments. The information collected has led to many scientific discoveries that have shed light on the Moon's history, composition, and potential for future exploration with the upcoming Artemis missions. This video highlights some of those recent discoveries that involve impact craters, volcanic activity, and the Moon's South Pole.

It takes a lot of field work in challenging conditions to gather important snow data. This is the story of NASA’s last SnowEx campaign and those who participated in it. In March, scientists traveled to research sites in the northern tundra and in Fairbanks, Alaska. Ground crews looked to validate data collected from airborne instruments, while the flight crews continued collecting snow data in order to see what instruments best measure snow globally. The goal for SnowEx is to determine the best remote-sensing techniques for a potential future satellite. Snow data is extremely important and can tell us things like how much spring runoff can be expected, which is vital for water resource management.